RuBAN embeds itself deep within the IoT infrstructure leveraging fog compute capabilities of IoT gateway devices where necessary.

The above diagram shows the RuBAN architecture for sensor and data management. RuBAN embeds applications into the intelligent gateway devices which are capable of talking to sensors in the environment. The complexity of talking to different sensors is handled at the edge through Fog computing so that the RuBAN server does not have to deal with it. Davra have implemented the IPFIX stack on the intelligent gateway devices, this enables the sending of data in a template based format where the data being sent to the RuBAN server describes itself. To add additional sensors no code needs to be added on the RuBAN server side. A new template is defined at the edge which is stored locally on the device. This template is synchronised with a template store on the RuBAN server side. The result of this is that the IoT edge device knows how to encode the data and the RuBAN server knows how to decode the data. Other features included within the edge device are filtering and inspection of the data at the remote end, which enables data to be transmitted only when something interesting has happened e.g it has changed or it has breached a threshold, this reduces data plan usage and reduces noise to the RuBAN head end server. There is a local data cache for when a device temporarily loses connectivity. E.g if a train goes under a tunnel the data is cached while it loses connectivity and then when it emerges the data is flushed to the head end with the original timestamp. There is also an acknowledge function for when a high priority message needs to be acknowledged. You can also fall back to 2G or some other form of backup connectivity to get a critical message out if it has been delayed for a set amount of time.

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